Thursday, January 15, 2009

What Triggers Hunger?

By Susan Blair

The amount you eat is not for the lack of willpower. Rather, it is an inborn drive that helps to assure the survival of the human race. If you try to override this biological urge by dieting or restricting your food intake your body counteracts by releasing powerful chemicals that stimulate your hunger and makes you want to eat. Each time you purposely eat less your body starts a complex process in your body that compels you to eat.

While you might think that it is your stomach telling you you are hungry the fact of the matter is that your hunger pangs are really triggered by a chemical process that begins in your brain and sends signals through your body. These signals then trigger feelings of hunger and can be generated from mechanical or sensory inputs.

Scientists have identified that a specific area in the brain, the hypothalamus, is responsible for processing eating behavior. The cells in the hypothalamus communicate with cells in other parts of the brain to coordinate the release and uptake of chemicals forming the feedback system that helps regulate how much and what you eat. The chemicals that the body releases help the brain cells communicate with cells in the other parts of the body.

This complex chemical reaction that makes you eat are based on sensory inputs like the smell of the food. Also, your memories of how a particular food tastes along with how a food looks are all it takes to get the process started.

Another way the process starts is at a cellular level, when messages sent to the brain tell it that fuel is needed and that it's time to eat.

When your body needs fuel special chemicals called neurotransmitters transmit signals to the neurons in your brain telling you to eat. While additional research is needed to further understand the process it is thought that one specific neurotransmitters called Neuropeptides is what controls our desire for foods that contain carbohydrates.

This theory suggests that low levels of glycogen (how carbs are stored in our body) and low blood sugar levels stimulate the release of Neuropeptides from the hypothalamus part of the brain. As the levels of Neuropeptides increases so does our hunger for starchy and sweet food.

While we are sleeping our glycogen and blood sugar levels drop sending signals to our brains to produce more Neuropeptides. This is why cereals, fruits and breads are some of our favorite breakfast foods as they are full of complex carbohydrates.

Skipping breakfast increases NPY levels so that by afternoon, you're set up for a carbohydrate binge. This craving for carbs is not the result of a lack of will-power; it's an innate biological urge at work. Stress and dieting are thought to trigger NPY production as well. - 16004

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